Journal of Clinical Virology
Volume 45, Issue 2 , Pages 109-113 , June 2009

Hepatitis E virus in patients with unexplained hepatitis in Finland

  • Tuija Kantala

      Affiliations

    • Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +358 9 191 57169; fax: +358 9 191 57101.
  • ,
  • Leena Maunula

      Affiliations

    • Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
  • ,
  • Carl-Henrik von Bonsdorff

      Affiliations

    • Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
  • ,
  • Jaakko Peltomaa

      Affiliations

    • Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
  • ,
  • Maija Lappalainen

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory Services (HUSLAB), Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland

Received 11 September 2008 ,Revised 6 December 2008 ,Accepted 13 March 2009.

References 

  1. Tam AW, Smith MM, Guerra ME, Huang CC, Bradley DW, Fry KE, et al. Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome. Virology. 1991;185:120–131
  2. Emerson SU, Anderson D, Arankalle A, Meng XJ, Purdy M, Schlauder GG, et al. Hepevirus. In:  Fauquet CM,  Mayo MA,  Maniloff J,  Desselberger U,  Ball LA editor. Virus taxonomy: VIIIth report of the ICTV. London: Elsevier/Academic Press; 2004;p. 851–855
  3. Purcell RH, Emerson SU. Hepatitis E virus. In: 4th edition.  Knipe DM,  Howley PM editor. Fields virology. vol. 2:Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001;p. 3051–3061
  4. Emerson SU, Purcell RH. Hepatitis E virus. Rev Med Virol. 2003;13:145–154
  5. Mast EE, Krawczynski K. Hepatitis E: an overview. Annu Rev Med. 1996;47:257–266
  6. Worm HC, van der Poel WH, Brandstatter G. Hepatitis E: an overview. Microbes Infect. 2002;4:657–666
  7. Panda SK, Thakral D, Rehman S. Hepatitis E virus. Rev Med Virol. 2007;17:151–180
  8. Lu L, Li C, Hagedorn CH. Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis. Rev Med Virol. 2006;16:5–36
  9. Teo CG. Hepatitis E indigenous to economically developed countries: to what extent a zoonosis?. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006;19:460–466
  10. Aggarwal R, Krawczynski K. Hepatitis E: an overview and recent advances in clinical and laboratory research. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000;15:9–20
  11. Schlauder GG, Mushahwar IK. Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis E virus. J Med Virol. 2001;65:282–292
  12. Zhai L, Dai X, Meng J. Hepatitis E virus genotyping based on full-length genome and partial genomic regions. Virus Res. 2006;120:57–69
  13. Haqshenas G, Shivaprasad HL, Woolcock PR, Read DH, Meng XJ. Genetic identification and characterization of a novel virus related to human hepatitis E virus from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the United States. J Gen Virol. 2001;82:2449–2462
  14. Purcell RH, Emerson SU. Hepatitis E: an emerging awareness of an old disease. J Hepatol. 2008;48:494–503
  15. Okamoto H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T. Features of hepatitis E virus infection in Japan. Intern Med. 2003;42:1065–1071
  16. Okamoto H. Genetic variability and evolution of hepatitis E virus. Virus Res. 2007;127:216–228
  17. Waar K, Herremans MM, Vennema H, Koopmans MP, Benne CA. Hepatitis E is a cause of unexplained hepatitis in The Netherlands. J Clin Virol. 2005;33:145–149
  18. Herremans M, Vennema H, Bakker J, van der Veer B, Duizer E, Benne CA, et al. Swine-like hepatitis E viruses are a cause of unexplained hepatitis in the Netherlands. J Viral Hepat. 2007;14:140–146
  19. Borgen K, Herremans T, Duizer E, Vennema H, Rutjes S, Bosman A, et al. Non-travel related hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infections in the Netherlands; a case series 2004–2006. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8:61
  20. Ijaz S, Arnold E, Banks M, Bendall RP, Cramp ME, Cunningham R, et al. Non-travel-associated hepatitis E in England and Wales: demographic, clinical, and molecular epidemiological characteristics. J Infect Dis. 2005;192:1166–1172
  21. Dalton HR, Stableforth W, Hazeldine S, Thurairajah P, Ramnarace R, Warshow U, et al. Autochthonous hepatitis E in Southwest England: a comparison with hepatitis A. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;27:579–585
  22. Lewis HC, Boisson S, Ijaz S, Hewitt K, Ngui SL, Boxall E, et al. Hepatitis E in England and Wales. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:165–167
  23. Mansuy JM, Peron JM, Abravanel F, Poirson H, Dubois M, Miedouge M, et al. Hepatitis E in the south west of France in individuals who have never visited an endemic area. J Med Virol. 2004;74:419–424
  24. Peron JM, Mansuy JM, Poirson H, Bureau C, Dupuis E, Alric L, et al. Hepatitis E is an autochthonous disease in industrialized countries. Analysis of 23 patients in south-west France over a 13-month period and comparison with hepatitis A. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2006;30:757–762
  25. Buti M, Clemente-Casares P, Jardi R, Formiga-Cruz M, Schaper M, Valdes A, et al. Sporadic cases of acute autochthonous hepatitis E in Spain. J Hepatol. 2004;41:126–131
  26. Reuter G, Fodor D, Katai A, Szucs G. Identification of a novel variant of human hepatitis E virus in Hungary. J Clin Virol. 2006;36:100–102
  27. Haagsman A, Reuter G, Duizer E, Nagy G, Herremans T, Koopmans M, et al. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus in patients with non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis in Hungary. J Med Virol. 2007;79:927–930
  28. Boutrouille A, Bakkali-Kassimi L, Cruciere C, Pavio N. Prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus antibodies in French blood donors. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:2009–2010
  29. Mansuy JM, Legrand-Abravanel F, Calot JP, Peron JM, Alric L, Agudo S, et al. High prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus antibodies in blood donors from South West France. J Med Virol. 2008;80:289–293
  30. Mateos ML, Camarero C, Lasa E, Teruel JL, Mir N, Baquero F. Hepatitis E virus: relevance in blood donors and risk groups. Vox Sang. 1999;76:78–80
  31. Sylvan SP, Jacobson SH, Christenson B. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus among hemodialysis patients in Sweden. J Med Virol. 1998;54:38–43
  32. Olsen B, Axelsson-Olsson D, Thelin A, Weiland O. Unexpected high prevalence of IgG-antibodies to hepatitis E virus in Swedish pig farmers and controls. Scand J Infect Dis. 2006;38:55–58
  33. Orrú G, Masia G, Orrú G, Romano L, Piras V, Coppola RC. Detection and quantitation of hepatitis E virus in human faeces by real-time quantitative PCR. J Virol Methods. 2004;118:77–82
  34. Clayson ET, Myint KS, Snitbhan R, Vaughn DW, Innis BL, Chan L, et al. Viremia, fecal shedding, and IgM and IgG responses in patients with hepatitis E. J Infect Dis. 1995;172:927–933
  35. Aggarwal R, Kini D, Sofat S, Naik SR, Krawczynski K. Duration of viraemia and faecal viral excretion in acute hepatitis E. Lancet. 2000;356:1081–1082
  36. Favorov MO, Fields HA, Purdy MA, Yashina TL, Aleksandrov AG, Alter MJ, et al. Serologic identification of hepatitis E virus infections in epidemic and endemic settings. J Med Virol. 1992;36:246–250
  37. Bendall R, Ellis V, Ijaz S, Thurairajah P, Dalton HR. Serological response to hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infection: IgG quantitation, avidity, and IgM response. J Med Virol. 2008;80:95–101
  38. Mitsui T, Tsukamoto Y, Suzuki S, Yamazaki C, Masuko K, Tsuda F, et al. Serological and molecular studies on subclinical hepatitis E virus infection using periodic serum samples obtained from healthy individuals. J Med Virol. 2005;76:526–533
  39. Worm HC, Wurzer H, Frosner G. Sporadic hepatitis E in Austria. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1554–1555
  40. Herremans M, Bakker J, Duizer E, Vennema H, Koopmans MP. Use of serological assays for diagnosis of hepatitis E virus genotype 1 and 3 infections in a setting of low endemicity. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007;14:562–568
  41. Lin CC, Wu JC, Chang TT, Chang WY, Yu ML, Tam AW, et al. Diagnostic value of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) tests based on HEV RNA in an area where hepatitis E is not endemic. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:3915–3918
  42. Zhang JZ, Im SW, Lau SH, Chau TN, Lai ST, Ng SP, et al. Occurrence of hepatitis E virus IgM, low avidity IgG serum antibodies, and viremia in sporadic cases of non-A, -B, and -C acute hepatitis. J Med Virol. 2002;66:40–48
  43. Daniel HD, Warier A, Abraham P, Sridharan G. Age-wise exposure rates to hepatitis E virus in a southern Indian patient population without liver disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71:675–678
  44. Mizuo H, Yazaki Y, Sugawara K, Tsuda F, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, et al. Possible risk factors for the transmission of hepatitis E virus and for the severe form of hepatitis E acquired locally in Hokkaido, Japan. J Med Virol. 2005;76:341–349
  45. Ohnishi S, Kang JH, Maekubo H, Arakawa T, Karino Y, Toyota J, et al. Comparison of clinical features of acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 in Sapporo, Japan. Hepatol Res. 2006;36:301–307

PII: S1386-6532(09)00120-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.03.006

Journal of Clinical Virology
Volume 45, Issue 2 , Pages 109-113 , June 2009