Journal of Clinical Virology
Volume 46, Issue 1 , Pages 47-48 , September 2009

HHV-6A infection induces expression of HERV-K18-encoded superantigen

  • Albert K. Tai

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
  • ,
  • Janos Luka

      Affiliations

    • Bioworld Consulting Laboratories, Mt. Airy, MD 21771, United States
  • ,
  • Dharam Ablashi

      Affiliations

    • HHV-6 Foundation, Santa Barbara, CA 93108, United States
  • ,
  • Brigitte T. Huber

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 617 636 3989; fax: +1 617 636 0449.

References 

  1. Perron H, Garson JA, Bedin F, Besembe F, Paranhos-Baccala G, Komurian-Pradel F, et al. Molecular identification of a novel retrovirus repeatedly isolated from patients with multiple sclerosis. The Collaborative Research Group on Multiple Sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94(July (14)):7583–7588
  2. Sotgiu S, Serra C, Mameli G, Pugliatti M, Rosati G, Arru G, et al. Multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus and MS prognosis: an observational study. Neurology. 2002;59(October (7)):1071–1073
  3. Christensen T. Human herpesviruses in MS. Int MS J. 2007;14(June (2)):41–47
  4. Tai AK, O’Reilly EJ, Alroy KA, Simon KC, Munger KL, Huber BT, et al. Human endogenous retrovirus-K18 Env as a risk factor in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2008;August (14):1175–1180
  5. Sutkowski N, Conrad B, Thorley-Lawson DA, Huber BT. Epstein–Barr virus transactivates the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K18 that encodes a superantigen. Immunity. 2001;15(October (4)):579–589
  6. Marrack P, Kappler J. The staphylococcal enterotoxins and their relatives. Science. 1990;248(4959):1066
  7. Sutkowski N, Chen G, Calderon G, Huber BT. Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein LMP-2A is sufficient for transactivation of the HERV-K18 superantigen. J Virol. 2004;78:7852–7860
  8. Stauffer Y, Marguerat S, Meylan F, Ucla C, Sutkowski N, Huber BT, et al. Interferon-alpha-induced endogenous superantigen. A model linking environment and autoimmunity. Immunity. 2001;15(4):591–601
  9. Ahlqvist J, Fotheringham J, Akhyani N, Yao K, Fogdell-Hahn A, Jacobson S. Differential tropism of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) variants and induction of latency by HHV-6A in oligodendrocytes. J Neurovirol. 2005;11(August (4)):384–394
  10. Akhyani N, Berti R, Brennan MB, Soldan SS, Eaton JM, McFarland HF, et al. Tissue distribution and variant characterization of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6: increased prevalence of HHV-6A in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Infect Dis. 2000;182(November (5)):1321–1325
  11. Soldan SS, Leist TP, Juhng KN, McFarland HF, Jacobson S. Increased lymphoproliferative response to human herpesvirus type 6A variant in multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol. 2000;47(March (3)):306–313
  12. Alvarez-Lafuente R, Garcia-Montojo M, De las Heras V, Bartolome M, Arroyo R. Clinical parameters and HHV-6 active replication in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. J Clin Virol. 2006;37(December (Suppl. 1)):S24–S26
  13. Alvarez-Lafuente R, De las Heras V, Bartolome M, Picazo JJ, Arroyo R. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and human herpesvirus 6 active infection. Arch Neurol. 2004;61(October (10)):1523–1527
  14. Hsiao FC, Lin M, Tai A, Chen G, Huber BT. Cutting edge: Epstein–Barr virus transactivates the HERV-K18 superantigen by docking to the human complement receptor 2 (CD21) on primary B cells. J Immunol. 2006;177(August (4)):2056–2060
  15. Alvarez-Lafuente R, Garcia-Montojo M, De Las Heras V, Dominguez-Mozo MI, Bartolome M, Benito-Martin MS, et al. Herpesviruses and human endogenous retroviral sequences in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler. 2008;14(June (5)):595–601
  16. Ablashi D, Agut H, Berneman Z, Campadelli-Fiume G, Carrigan D, Ceccerini-Nelli L, et al. Human herpesvirus-6 groups: a nomenclature. Arch Virol. 1993;363–366
  17. Cuomo L, Trivedi P, Cardillo MR, Gagliardi FM, Vecchione A, Caruso R, et al. Human herpesvirus 6 infection in neoplastic and normal brain tissue. J Med Virol. 2001;63(January (1)):45–51
  18. Hall CB, Caserta MT, Schnabel KC, Long C, Epstein LG, Insel RA, et al. Persistence of human herpesvirus 6 according to site and variant: possible greater neurotropism of variant A. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26(January (1)):132–137
  19. Alvarez-Lafuente R, Garcia-Montojo M, De Las Heras V, Bartolome M, Arroyo R. Interferon-beta treatment and active replication of the JC virus in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Eur J Neurol. 2007;14(February (2)):233–236
  20. Martinez A, Alvarez-Lafuente R, Mas A, Bartolome M, Garcia-Montojo M, de Las Heras V, et al. Environment-gene interaction in multiple sclerosis: human herpesvirus 6 and MHC2TA. Hum Immunol. 2007;68(August (8)):685–689
  21. Inoue N, Dambaugh TR, Pellett PE. Molecular biology of human herpesviruses 6A and 6B. Infect Agents Dis. 1993;2(December (6)):343–360
  22. Schmidt B, Ashlock B, Neipel F, Levy JA. Potential screening assay for undetectable viruses on the basis of their capacity to induce alpha interferon production. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(September (9)):4300–4302

PII: S1386-6532(09)00194-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.05.019

Journal of Clinical Virology
Volume 46, Issue 1 , Pages 47-48 , September 2009